Vapor electric device.



P. A. KRONER.

VAPOR ELECTRIC DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 12, 1911.

Patented 0011. 29, 1912.

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APPLICATION FILED AUG. 12, 1011.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. FRANK A. xnomm, or LYNN,midssholiiisn'rrsthssmnon T0 GENERAL ianno'rmo COMPANY, A CORPORATION OFNEW YORK.

VAPOR ELECTRIC DEVICE.

To all whom it mag/concern Be it known that I, FRANK A. Knonna, acitizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, county of Essex, Stateof Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inVapor Electric Devices, of

which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to vapor electric devices and comprisesparticularly novel details of construction in a vapor device havinginner and outer evacuated envelops.

My invention is particularly applicable to a mercury vapor device,having an outer glass envelop inclosing an inner quartz envelop.

It is one object of my invent-ion to enable both the inner and outerenvelops to be evacuated and sealed and also to provide leading-inconductors for the inner envelop. \Vith this object in view, the spacesinside the inner and outer envelops are exhausted separately, the innerenvelop being exhausted through a novel form of seal which also servesas a leading-in conductor for one of quartz envelop 4 is provided withleading-' in conductors 5, 6 consisting of a nickel-iron alloy andmaking a tapered ground joint with the quartz. The seals 2 and 5 arehollow and are joined in such a way as to enable the quartz envelop 4 tobe evacuated The platinum tube 2 is forced into a recess in the seal 5as indicated. If desired, the two metals may be welded together. Ineither event, the joint will always be tight due to the difference inexpansion of the two metals, the nickel steel containing about 30%nickel, expands less than platinum. After the inner envelop isexhausted, the upper end of the tube 2 is sealed off by fusing a glasstube joined to its end, thereby leaving a small glass bead 7, asindicated. The seal 5 also serves to support Patented Oct. 29, 1912.

Serial No. 048,659.

an electrode 8 which may consist of graphite, iron or other suitablerefractory material.

As quartz has practically a zero coefiicient of expansion, the expansionand contraction of the glass envelop 1 would tend to loosen the groundseals in the quartz unless provision were made to take up the expansionin some other manner. For this purpose a spring 9 is provided betweenthe seal 6 and the leading-in wire 3. This spring, can, of course, bejoined directly to the leading-in wire but is conveniently joined at oneend to the small iron block 1.0 connected to the leading-in wire 3, andit is joined at the other end to the rod 11 connected to the seal 6. Therod 11 is firmly attached to the quartz envelop 4 by means of wires 12which are attached to small eyes 13 formed at the lower end of thequartz envelop. By this means the seal (5 is held in position and theexpansion and contraction of the glass is taken up by. the spring 9. Asthe spring 9 is most conveniently made of steel, and as this metal has asomewhat high resistance, a copper wire, 14 is provided in shunt withthe spring, thereby avoiding overheating the spring itself. The curvedwire 15 attached to the seal. 6 is provided so that when the mercuryflows toward the opposite end of the tubes and makes contact withelectrode in supporting and spacing the quartz en velop, within theglass container. The glass envelop is exhausted and sealed off in theusual manner as indicated by the sealed-0d bead 16.

The lamp illustrated in Fig. 2 is similar in construction to thatalready described except that in this case both electrodes consist ofmercury. The seals 5 and 6 will there fore both be covered with mercury,constituting the electrodes 18 and 19, and alldanger of leakage of gasthrough the ground joint electrodes is thereby avoided.

As already indicated, a mercury lamp, rectifier, or other electric vapordevice, made in accordance with my invention, is started by tilting,whereby the positive and negative electrodes are brought into contactand separated, thus striking an are. As the inner envelop is sealed oilfrom the space surrounding it, considerable pressure may be :u-cumulatedtherein which permits the lamp to be operated at correspomlingly highervoltage and as the inner envelop is entirely surrounded by an evacuatedspace and the loss of heat is therefore minimized, a'lainp of very higheiliciency may be obtained.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is,-

1. A vapor electric device comprislng a double walled envelop,electrodes therefor, and a metallic tubular leading-in conductor for oneof said electrodes sealed into the inner and outer envelops.

A vapor electric device comprising a glass envelop and an inner quartzenvelop, a tubular member sealed into both envelops, having respectivelythe same coeflicient of expansion as glass and quartz, said membersbeing joined to form a continuous tube for the evacuation of the innerenvelop.

3. A vapor electric device comprising a glass envelop and an innerquartz envelop, tubular members sealed into both envelops, said membersbeing joined metallically, and an electrode in the inner envelop, inelectrical contact with said tubular member.

4. A vapor electric device comprising a glass envelop and an innerquartz envelop, a nickel-iron tube sealed into said quartz envelop and aplatinum tube sealed into the glass envelop and entering a recess in thenickel-iron tube so as to afi'ord a continuous passage into the quartztube whereby it may be evacuated.

5. .An evacuated envelop, having a pluralit y of walls consistingrespectively of materials having difiering coefiieients of expansion,and a tubular member sealed therein, consisting of sections joinedtogether, each section having substantially the same coetlicient ofexpansion as the material into which it is sealed.

6. An evacuated container, an envelop supported therein, said containerand inner envelop consisting of materials differing in their expansioncoefficients, mechanically fitted seals for said envelop, and resilientmeans for urging said seals into close contact with said inner envelop.

7. A vapor electric device comprising the combination of an outer glassenvelop, an inner fused quartz envelop, leading-in conductors passingcontinuously through both said envelops, one of said conductors beingtubular and comprisin sections of metal having respectively coei cientsof expansion approximating that of the material into which they aresealed, and a spring exerting pressure upon the conductors sealed intothe quartz envelop.

In witness whereof, I hereunto set my hand and seal this eighth day ofAugust, 1911.

FRANK A. KRONER. Witnesses:

JOHN A. MoMANUs, J r., ROBERT SHAND.

